Saturday, July 25, 2009

The Media in The American Occupation in the Philippines

West Visayas State University
COLLEGE OF MASS COMMUNICATIONS
La Paz, Iloilo City


PHILIPPINE PRESS AND SOCIETY

(JRN 202)


HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE MASS COMMUNICATION

AMERICAN OCCUPATION


I. Newspapers

Thomas Gowan- established the first English language daily in the Philippines in 1898.
Manila Times- the 1st English language daily in the Philippines.
Alejandro Roces Sr.-1st newspaper chain owner in the Phil. He bought the Manila Times in 1927.
Manila Bulletin- the oldest existing newspaper in the Philippines.
Carson Taylor- Founded the Manila bulletin in 1912 and included news of general interest.
Hans Menzi- bought the manila Bulletin in 1957.
Philippines Herald- the 1st pro-Filipino newspaper that was published in 1920.
Carlos P. Romulo- one of the main editors f Philippines Herald.

 II. Movies

- 3 periods of the Filipino film history: Period of Silent Pictures (1897-1929), Talking Pictures Period (1929-1970) and Period of the New Cinema (1971-present)
-3 stages of the 1st Period: Dominance of Documentary Film, Rise of Feature Film and Establishment of Filipino Film Companies.
Documentary Film- began on January 1, 1897.
Rise of Feature Film- started in 1912.
Jose and Jesus Nepomuceno- Founded the Malayan movies.
-3 stages of the 2nd period: Rise of the big Commercial Film Companies, Achievement of Technological Expertise and Commercialization of Filipino Film.
George P. Musser- produced the first Filipino talking picture “Aswang”.
Rise of the star system- rise of the genre movies.
Decades of the 50’s- Golden age of Filipino film.
Lino Brocka- (February, 1983) – organized the first free-the-artist, free-the-media rally.

III. Radio

Henry Hermann- an American, he set up the first Philippine radio station.
J. Amado Araneta- bought KZRM and KZEG from their American owners.
KZND- a government station.
1942- radio stations were closed, except for KZRH, which used by Japanese for broadcast.
1947- Pass another act stipulating that stations change their first call letters from “K” to “D”.
DZ (Luzon-based radio stations), DY (Visayas-based radio stations), DX- (Mindanao-based radio stations).

IV. Newspaper Chains

Joaquin “Chino” & Ramon- inherited and expanded his Mass Media Empire.
TVT (1916) - Taliba-Vanguardia-Tribune. Taliba- Tagalog daily, La Vanguardia- a Spanish daily.
Romulo- pirated from the Herald, first editor of tribune.
Philippine Magazine- 1st publication to be called a magazine. 
Chain Magazines- Started by Ramon Roces.  
Philippine free Press (1907) - by Robert McCullough Dick (1908), built its reputation on its fearless crusades against government corruption and it became a staunch Nationalist.
World War II- the Philippine media was closed.
Liwayway- only pre-war publications allowed publishing during the Japanese occupation (1942-1945).

V. Advertising

“Annuncios”(Public Announcements) - posted by merchants to announce goods for sale.
Frank J. Herrier- “Napoleon of Philippine Advertising”.
Manuel Buenaventura- first Filipino to handle advertising accounts.
Edmund Bullis (1921) - set up and managed the Philippine Publicity Service, Inc.,
Jean Bisson- introduced the use of illustrations in advertisements. 
Antonio Lagos- had won over an American competition.
Pedro E. Teodoro- “dean of Philippine Advertising Practitioners”.
San Miguel Corporations (1896) - the first to use slogans in their advertisements.
1930s- Started the use of radio as an advertising medium.
Commercial advertising Agency (1945)-founded by Gene Hubilia.
1950s- Advertising for television started.
1960s- Nationalism took over the advertising field.
Martial Law- ushered an era of uncertainty and 5000 business firms closed down.
Marcos’ fall- transformed the era of pessimism and uncertainty to optimism.